Git SSH Key生成

SSH Key是一种加密的公钥私钥对，用于身份验证。

使用Git通过SSH拉取远程仓库时，出现以下内容：

$ git clone git@******.com:********.git
Cloning into 'gk_vblog'...
git@******.com: Permission denied (publickey).
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.

这是因为Git需要SSH Key来验证身份，而你没有配置SSH Key。

1. 首先，检查是否已有SSH Key。

ls -al ~/.ssh

// or 
cd ~/.ssh
ls

如果存在id_rsa.pub文件，则说明已有SSH Key。

2. 如果没有SSH Key，则生成SSH Key。

ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your_email@example.com"

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): yes
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:******** ********
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|          ..     |
|       .  ..o..  |
|     .. o  oo=   |
|     .o  *  o..  |
|    .. oS.+..    |
| o. ..+E.+oo     |
|oo....o.oo=..o   |
|..+. . .oo.=+ .  |
|.o..  .o  o...   |
+----[SHA256]-----+

3. 然后，将SSH Key添加到ssh-agent。

ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

如果出现"Could not open a connection to your authentication agent."，则说明没有安装SSH Key。请安装并配置SSH Key。

eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"

// 或者
eval `ssh-agent`

如果出现以下内容，则说明SSH Key添加成功：

ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Identity added: /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa (***email***)

再次执行

ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

4. 将SSH Key添加到GitHub上，以便Git通过SSH拉取远程仓库。 步骤：Settings -> SSH and GPG keys -> New SSH Key -> Title -> Key -> Add SSH Key

查看公钥，以便复制到GitHub上。

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

5. 最后，测试SSH Key是否配置成功。

ssh -T git@github.com

6. 如果出现以下内容，则说明配置成功。

Hi *! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.